What does oi my size mean

Diagnosis of OI is based primarily on clinical signs. Collagen testing of a skin biopsy sample or DNA testing of a blood sample can help confirm a diagnosis of OI in most situations. However, a negative OI test does not necessarily rule out an OI diagnosis.

Some individuals test negative for OI despite having the disorder. In some especially rare forms of OI, there is no collagen defect. Families in which one parent has OI may be able to arrange for prenatal testing through chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis. Ultrasound may not detect Type I OI in a fetus, because the child is unlikely to have fractures or bone deformity before birth.

When a parent has OI, it is recommended that the newborn be tested and examined as soon as possible by a doctor who is knowledgeable about OI. The cornerstones of treatment for children with Type I OI are fracture management, healthy diet, therapy to regain strength and mobility after fractures or surgery, and an ongoing program of safe exercise and activity to develop muscle control and build strength.

Recognizing that prolonged immobilization can weaken muscles and bones, many orthopaedists prefer short-term casting for fractures, followed as soon as possible by a splint or brace that can be removed for appropriate exercise. For all children who have had a fracture, physical therapy, including water exercise, will reduce the effects of immobilization. This is recommended for even the most mildly affected children. Inactivity and inappropriate diet should not be permitted to cause obesity, because excess weight adds stress on the bones and tends to limit activity even more.

Developing healthy lifestyle habits is an important part of managing OI. Rodding surgery in which metal rods are inserted into the long bones is a standard treatment for children with OI in two situations:. Many children with Type I OI have minimal bone deformity and do not require rodding surgery unless they have a particularly bad fracture. However, some children with Type I OI do have problems with repeated fractures and increasing deformity of a long bone.

In such cases, rodding surgery may be appropriate. Some infants with mild OI have delays in gross motor skills, such as pulling to a stand, crawling, or walking. Physical and occupational therapy are recommended as soon as such delays are noticed. Therapists can instruct parents in the best ways to hold or position their children, and to encourage children to learn new skills. Older children with Type I OI also will benefit from physical and occupational therapy to maximize strength and function.

Water therapy and swimming are particularly good exercises for children with OI, as the gravity-free environment reduces fracture risk. Many children with Type I OI swim, dance, ride regular or adapted bikes, and participate in other recreational and competitive activities. For long-term health and comfort, it is important to develop the habit of protecting the spine. Back pain or compression fractures of the spine can be minimized both by avoiding activities that jolt or twist the spine and by using proper techniques for lifting, reaching, or sitting.

It is also wise to protect the joints. Hyperlaxity being double-jointed can be amusing in childhood, but it can lead to painful arthritis in adulthood. Children with Type I OI may have feeding problems, including difficulty chewing and swallowing foods of different textures. Adults with Type I OI may experience gastric reflux. Nutrition counseling can address both types of problems.

A nutritionist can design a diet that is rich in nutrients but will not cause obesity. Although the U. Food and Drug Administration FDA has not approved any medications for the treatment of OI, clinical trials are currently studying several bisphosphonate medications. Most clinical trials initially accepted only children severely affected with OI. Over the years, some trials have expanded to include children who are moderately and mildly affected as well as those who have three or more major fractures in a year.

To date, there is not enough evidence that bisphosphonates are helpful for children with mild OI to recommend this treatment for all children.

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