European union when was it established

The result of this pooling of policies was an innovative type of body — a supranational organisation — formed by the voluntary transfer of certain sovereign powers by its Member States. Member States did not surrender their powers: they decided to exercise them jointly at a higher level which had common institutions. As specialist organisations, each of the three Communities holds only those powers conferred on them by the Member States.

Notwithstanding its economic foundations, the objective of European Union was, from the outset, political. In effect, specific actions in a given sector of the economy were bound to have an impact on the way in which other sectors operated. The questions that this raised needed answers which implied political choices.

Accordingly, the completion of a common market involving free movement of goods raised the question of the movement of people, services and capital, and that required the introduction of a raft of supporting policies in the areas of competition, industry, agriculture, transport, research, etc. Ultimately — little by little — complementary policies addressing the problems of more sensitive national prerogatives were adopted. This was the case with social and fiscal policy.

By this treaty, it was decided to complete the monetary union by , to start European citizenship as well as to cooperate on common foreign and security policy and on justice and home affairs. The Maastricht Treaty established a three-pillar European Union structure. In , with the participation of Austria, Finland and Sweden, the number of members of the European Union increased to The Euro, the single currency of Europe, officially got into circulation on 1 January and began to be used in 12 countries.

In , with the participation of Bulgaria and Romania, the number of the member states increased to In , the number has reached to 28 with the participation of Croatia. The final important stage in the deepening process of the European Union was the Lisbon Treaty, which was signed in and entered into force in The main objectives of this treaty were to eliminate the bottlenecks in EU decision-making mechanisms as well as to make the Union meet a more democratic and effectively functioning structure.

The EU countries, which were significantly affected by the global crisis in , faced economic and financial problems such as rising public deficit, decreasing competitiveness, increasing unemployment and low economic growth.

The negative effects of the crisis were also felt in the EU and the Eurozone economy shrank by 4. The global crisis has affected the financial structures of EU countries, resulting in a significant increase in public deficits and debt stocks, as well as in endangering of the sustainability of public finance in many member countries.

The debt crisis that broke out in Greece in affected other Eurozone countries in a short period and the global crisis turned into a debt crisis and economic crisis in the EU. Stability programmes and bailout packages were implemented in the member countries. Established to assist European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy in the implementation of the European Union Common Foreign and Security Policy, this Service is composed of officers from the relevant departments of the Council, the Secretary-General of the European Commission and staff assigned by the diplomatic units of the member states.

Truman escaped unscathed. In the autumn of , the White House was being renovated and President Truman and his family were living The test gave the United States a short-lived advantage in the nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union. Following the successful Soviet detonation of an In just six months, McClellan had gone from commander of the Ohio volunteers to the head of the Union army. In the face of widespread opposition in the American colonies, Parliament enacts the Stamp Act, a taxation measure designed to raise revenue for British military operations in America.

Live TV. Article M of the Treaty guarantees the survival of the Communities. In establishing the European Union, the representatives of the Member States stated that they were resolved to mark a new stage in the process of European integration undertaken with the establishment of the European Communities and recalled the historic importance of the ending of the division of the European continent and the need to create firm bases for the construction of the future Europe.

Thus, the European Union, as established by the Maastricht Treaty, was no more than a step along the road which would result in the European Communities becoming a politically integrated European area.

The moment to take a further step came with the fall of the Berlin Wall, in November , which brought a radical change in the geopolitical situation of the continent.